Study On Some Of The Kse Concepts Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Ans. Trading in the future market offers an opportunity to the investor to invest in securities other than stocks. Investing in the futures market has a number of advantages. Firstly, instruments in the futures market are considered highly leveraged investments. The investor can earn alot from it by only investing a small amount. For instance, the investor will only have to pay 10% of the value of the contract and might earn much higher than it. In order to be profitable in the futures market, the investor must also be aware of the price fluctuations in the market; if he does so then he can earn ten times more than the amount invested by him. Another advantage of trading in the futures market is that it is a paper investment. Although it involves trading of different kinds of commodities because it is a paper investment so it does not face the problem of transferability. Instead of the commodities the contracts keep changing hands. The investor then does not need to worry about the storage of the commodities as well. High liquidity of future contracts is another benefit of trading in the futures market. This means that it is easy to buy and sell or order the contracts as they are being traded on a daily basis. There is a large number of buyers and sellers available for the contracts whatever the commodities may be. Some other advantages of investing in future contracts are that it enjoys fairer trading than stocks and shares. Because it is difficult to make predictions about the futures market it results in price manipulation in the stocks market. The commission charged on future contracts is also low than other markets. Depending on the level of service provided, the broker can earn as low as Rs.50 or as high as Rs.500 per transaction. The investor can money quickly in the futures market as the market is fast-moving than the cash market. But this can also be a disadvantage for the investor if he is not able to make the right prediction he can suffer quick losses as well. 2.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss in detail the characteristics of three mutual funds of a single investment company (for example, AKD is an investment company and more than 4 mutual funds) Ans. AL-MEEZAN INVESTMENT MANGEMENT LIMITED: Joint venture of Meezan Bank and Pak Kuwait Investment Company (PKIC), Al-Meezan investment limited is registered with SECP and provides shariah compliant investment solutions. It majors in investment management i.e. floating and managing mutual funds and shariah based investment advisory. MEEZAN ISLAMIC INCOME FUND: It is the countrys first ever Shariah compliant Bomd fund. It invests in a diversified portfolio of Islamic investment instruments like Sukook bonds, Morabaha and Musharika instruments, certificates of Islamic investments etc and provides provides the investors capital gains as well as regular income. CHARACTERISTICS: Aimed at preserving capital through intelligent fund management Aims at providing, income consistently which is halal and strictly monitored and approved by Shariah Advisors Minimum intial investment of Rs. 5000 and Rs. 1000 subsequent investment amount at regular intervals Readily encas hable units throughout the year Offers tax benefit of Rs. 60,000 for salaried person and of Rs. 75,000 for non-salaried person on investments held for one year Lower risk and competitive return on the investment as a result of diversification of portfolio Till June 30, 2008, the fund size increased by 4889%, net assets stood at Rs. 5737m, and cumulative return was 14.06% MEEZAN CASH FUND: CHARACTERISTICS: Pakistans first ever Shariah compliant money market fund Rated AA(f) by JCR-VIS Provides maximum preservation of capital invested Can be easily cashed within 2 working days Involves no commission neither front-end nor back-end Risk of investing long-term fixed income instruments and stock market Ideal for short-term investments Flexible monthly, quarterly, or semi-annual based payments Healthy tax-free returns Provides a tax benefit of upto Rs. 60,000 in case of salaried person and Rs. 75,000 in case of non-salaried person MEEZAN ISLA MIC FUND: CHARCTERISTICS: Largest equity fund in the private sector as well as the largest Shariah compliant equity fund By investing in a large size of portfolio of securities it not only reduces the risk of price volatility but also the research and execution costs. The task of monitoring and evaluation of investment is handled by the fund mangers, who are trained investment professionals This fund also provides a tax benefit of Rs. 60,000 for salaried person or Rs. 75,000 for self-employed person on investments held for one year Provides an impressive return on the investment It is an affordable investment for small investors with a minimum investment of Rs. 5000 3.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss how margin financing works at KSE? (the detailed method of where the funds are obtained from and how funds are then lent to investors ) Ans. Margin financing is a system to fund the investors, in which loan is extended to them uptil a certain limit. If the investors are short of money to purchase shares, they can get a loan for it from the stock broker. If the broker has that amount of amount he gives the loan to the investor at a specific interest rate. If not, then he acts as a middleman between the financer and the financee. The financee can be any financially sound company or an individual, who will lend the money at badla rate. In badla transactions the stock broker and the financial institution make an exchange of specific number of shares at a specific rate. But in whatever way the investor is financed, the loan is extended to him uptil a certain limit called margin. Margin specifies the limit upto which the investor can borrow funds. MARGIN = EQUITY / TOTAL PURCHASE PRICE Previously, the leverage product being used in KSE was called CFS MK-II (Continuous Funding System Mark II) which has now been modi fied as named as Margin Funding. The difference between international and locally practiced margin financing is that in the international MF it does not involve any middlemen, instead the banks or lenders bear the whole risk. 4.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  What is KMI index, how it is formed and why it was introduced? Ans. KMI-30 (Karachi Meezan Index) is the first Islamic index of Pakistan. It was formed by KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) and Al-Meezan Investment Management Limited in September 2008 on the 1st of Ramazan. The reason for establishing an Islamic index in the country was to provide a suitable benchmark to the investors on their Shariah compliant investments. The KMI-30 index comprises of 30 shariah compliant companies included on the basis of free-float, which qualify the shariah screening criteria. It is a total return index which is maintained by KSE. While the Meezan company, contributes in the shariah expertise, screening, and guideline skills in the activities. The Shariah Board of Al-Meezan Investment Company is headed by the renowned scholar Justice (R) Mufti M. Taqi Usmani. The KMI index has been very successful and in the previous year, it gained top position in the world indices by delivering 107.4% dollar-based returns.  5.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  What is KSE 100 index? Discuss what does increase of decrease in points mean? Ans. KSE-100 is a stock index which acts as a benchmark to compare price at the Karachi Stock Exchange over a period of time. It was established on Nov 1, 1991 and is the most generally accepted measure if the exchange. It comprises of 100 companies with the highest market capitalisation from each sector, in order to ensure maximum market representation. The index moves up or down with the increase or decrease in points. For example, if on one day the total market capitalization at the stock is 1056000 and we consider it equal to 1000 points. Then the base market capitalization would be 1056. The next day the market capitalization moves down to 1047000. It is calculated as, = 1000*MARKET CAPITALIZATION / BASE MARKET CAPITALIZATION So, = 1000*1047000/1056000 = 0.9915 = 991.478 This would mean that the index has fallen from 1000 to 991.478 points i.e. there is a decline of 8.52 points.   6.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Differentiate between KSE 100 index and KSE 30 index? Ans. On the 1st of September, 2006 KSE launched its stock index, the KSE-30 index. This stock index is based on the free-float of shares rather than only market capitalization. The free-float methodology means that it takes into account only the active shares of the stock exchange and not the outstanding shares. Therefore the index at any time reflects the free-float market value of the 30 companies. It provides a benchmark to the shareholders to compare the stock prices over a period of time. Being based on the free-float methodology it is a true representative of the market, unlike the KSE-100 index. The KSE-100 includes the 100 highest market capitalised companies, for this reason even a slightest movement in the price of a company can change the trend of the index. And secondly, the KSE-100 is a total return index which not adjusted for dividends, bonuses or rights but the KSE-30 is adjusted when the company announces to give a dividend.  7.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Summarize the listing rules of KSE which are necessary for a company to get listed on KSE. Ans. A company cannot trade its securities on KSE quotation board or futures counter unless it is listed on KSE. In order to get listed the company shall submit an application to KSE in the prescribed form accompanied with the prescribed fee. The decision about granting permission shall solely be taken by the BOD of KSE within 3 months. If the permission is refused then the company and SECP is informed within 2 weeks. The BOD may relax the regulations if 2/3rd of them are unanimous on it. In case the permission to a company is refused, the application fee shall be refunded within the prescribed time. While considering granting permission the BOD will also take into consideration the publics interest in the company. The company shall be required to provide KSE any additional information, document or declarations as demanded by KSE. If a company does not do so, it shall be refused permission and it can then apply again for permission after 6 months of the refusal. The company permitt ed shall then offer 50% of its capital to public in case its capital is upto Rs.500m and more than 25% or Rs.250m if the capital is beyond Rs.500m. The BOD may relax these requirements depending upon the circumstances. Only those companies shall be eligible for being listed which are: Public companies or enacted companies Have a minimum paid-up capital of Rs.200m Its public offerings has been subscribed by at least 500 applicants The companies shall then submit the prospectus to KSE for clearance before an application for its approval is sent to SECP. After approval KSE shall published the prospectus along with the Performa in newspapers at Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad or at any other any place and the company shall provide KSE with the copies of these documents. After this, the company shall: Accept the application of allotment of shares through the bank Issue the shares of certificates in marketable lots Inform KSE about receiving subscription within 5 working d ays of closure of subscription list Dispatch all shares of certificates within 30 days of closure of subscription list as issued in marketable lots The company shall pay minimum of 1% brokerage fee to KSE members within 30 days of closure of subscription list The signatures of the shareholders shall be verified within 48 hours of request On receiving the shares of transfer the company shall immediately issue receipts and shall not charge transfer fee The company shall keep KSE informed about any corporate decisions or dividends and bonuses and shall hold Annual General Meeting within 4 months of the closing of the financial year.  8.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss theses terms of KSE: Odd-lot, defaulter counter, de-listed companies, provisionally listed companies, future market ODD LOT: In general, odd lot means to trade less than 100 securities in an exchange. At KSE, the investors are provided the facility of an automated market through which the investors can buy or sell securities in bundles less than the number of shares traded on average in the ready market. DEFAULTER COUNTER: Defaulter counter is a mechanism at KSE which shows the names of the companies which were previously listed but for some reason have failed to payout the liabilities and refund the shareholders. No trading takes place in the shares of such companies and in order to punish such companies, KSE throws them out in the defaulter counter, this act puts pressure on the companies to comply with the KSE Listing Regulations. According to these regulations, the money market shall put the company in the defaulter counter if, It has not declared any dividend to the shareholders for 5 consecutive years since the last date of declaration of dividends Has not paid listing fee c ontinuously since 2 years Is about to be liquidated Has not held Annual General Meeting continuously since 3 years Has not joined CDS system after CDC declared its securities to be eligible And has been quoted at a value below 50% of the face value since 3 years The companies that do not comply with these regulations are issued a show cause notice and given time to rectify the error or give reason for the default. DELISTED COMPANIES: Before the defaulter counter mechanism was launched at KSE, the listed companies that did not comply with the KSE Listing Regulations were matched with the regulations and if failed were quietly delisted from the exchange. It had little impact on the companies and the major loss was borne by the shareholders, because of the defaulter counter now the companies try to payout at least some dividend to the shareholders. PROVISIONALLY LISTED COMPANIES: Provisionally listed companies are those, whose shares not already officially li sted at KSE, but they make upto the specified amount of minimum public offering, these shares are traded at the provisionally listed counter. And after the dispatch process of the allotted shares is completed through the CDC, the provisional counter ends and the outstanding transactions are transferred to T+3 counter. On this counter the trading cost of securities is summed and the settlement is made on the third day. FUTURE MARKET: It is a market where future contracts i.e. derivative securities are traded. A contract is made to sell or purchase the securities at a specified price on some future date. The list of companies, to be traded, in the future market are refreshed after every six months under the criteria determined by SECP and the investors are informed in advance. 9.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Can a broker go bankrupt? How? Ans. Brokers are individuals or institutions who buy or sell the shares for the investors and in return charge a commission for the services provided. The commission charged can be high or low, depending on the level of services given. If an investor wants to purchase shares but does not have that amount of money, he can borrow it from the brokerage house. In case, the broker does not have that amount, he borrows money from other brokerage houses or, local or foreign investors. All this settlement takes place through NCCPL (National Clearing Company Pakistan Limited). The settlement process allows a maximum period of 3 days to the brokerage house. Sometimes it happens that the brokers are unable to, both, pay back the other brokerage house or to the financial institutions, in the settlement process and then they are declared bankrupt. The brokerage house has 3 days to make the payment, if still it is not able to do so, it is penalised first and after that it is declared bankrupt . This is the T+3 approach, which means that there are three more days for the payment of cash. 10.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Differentiate between CDC and NCCPL? Remember to give clear cut points of distinctions between the two companies; only discussing their functions  will not serve the purpose.  Ans. There are 3 main players in the capital market of Pakistan i.e. stock exchanges, CDC and NCCPL. All the three participants are trying their best to bring efficiency in the capital market. For this reason they are coming up with innovations, CDC (Central Depository System) is one such system which performs the function of electronic book-entry of shares. It has facilitated, quickened and secured the process of settlement and delivery of shares. This system works under CDC (Central Depository Company), a separate legal entity which is responsible for maintaining and settling the shares of investors. Previously, the settlement and delivery of shares was done manually, it took 2-3 days in settlement after which the shares were mailed to the investor and were faced with the risk of being damaged, faked or duplicated. It was a slow process and was not secure but now it has been replaced by CDS through which the shares are transferred and settled electronically. The settlement proces s involves two steps, the borrower pays the cash and the seller delivers the securities. The first step of settlement of cash is performed by NCCPL (National Clearing Company Pakistan Limited), while the second step is performed by CDC. NCCPL maintains and settles the accounts of brokerage houses. Any exchange of cash between the brokerage houses is done through NCCPL. It has replaced the three individual clearing houses of stock exchanges and now all brokerage houses are registered with NCCPL. It is a separate legal entity which was formed to operate NCSS (National Clearing and Settlement System). It performs the clearing and settlement functions for brokerage houses and charges a commission from them. In the previous years when NCCPL was not formed, the clearing process took a long time and the probability of default of the brokerage houses was high. Whenever an investor of one brokerage house wants to buy or sell shares from an investor of another brokerage house. It takes place through both NCCPL and CDC. First of all the brokerage house makes cash transaction whose accounts are settled through NCCPL. The moment this is done, CDC is electronically informed through KATS (Karachi Automated Trading System) and the shares are settled and transferred in the investors account. Every investor is required to open an account with CDC, when an investor opens an account with the brokerage house; his sub-account is automatically opened with CDC. Through KATS CDC comes to know the origin of the transaction. 11.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss at least 3 internet website from which you can obtain historical share prices data. Also tell the steps in which you can do so? Ans. Historical shares price data can be obtained from the following 3 websites: lahorestock.com/ cnbcpakistan.com globalfinancialdata.com. On the Lahore stock exchange website, scroll on the Market Information tab and click on Market History in the drop-down menu. It will open the webpage for historical share prices On the CNBC website, click on the Market Watch tab and then click on the History tab. On the Global Financial Data website, first of all you will need to log in. After that in the GFD filter search given on the left pane of the main page, enter the relevant information and it will provide you with historic share price information about any company listed in the KSE.

The Morality Of Law, By Lon L. Fuller Essay - 2095 Words

The idea of human dignity has been remarked and articulated in a number of the jurisprudence works of the mid-twentieth American legal philosopher, Lon L. Fuller. The Morality of Law, for instance, provides a valuable snapshot of Fuller’s preliminary sense of what his idea on human dignity might entail. In the core of his argument of legal morality, Fuller proposes that any neglect of eight principles of legality, which constitutes the internal morality of law, is not just only render the rational ground to obey the law and destroy the trusteeship between lawgiver and subject, but it further condemns and humiliates the dignity of person or human being as a free and responsible agent, self-determining center of action, and that they possess inherent dignity. In other important text, Fuller explicitly announces that the value of human dignity, over other extra-legal values, that must embodied within the structure of legal order. After he offers a long discussion of human capac ity of action and communication under the forms of order, he writes: â€Å" there is, therefore, in an ordered system of law, formulated and administered conscientiously, a certain built-in respect for human dignity, and I think it is reasonable to suppose that this respect will tend to carry over into the substantive ends of law.† Thirdly, in his draft essay Means and Ends, which can be considered both as an introductory of Fuller’s eunmoics theory of social order and Fuller’s reflection on theShow MoreRelatedThe Argument Put Forth By Hart And Lon L. Fuller1526 Words   |  7 Pageshave to do with the law?† Is justice an inherent component within law or is it a moral judgement about law? In attempting to answer this question, we will examine the debate between H.L.A. Hart and Lon L. Fuller. The argument put forth by Hart focuses on law as it is; while Fuller’s response focuses largely on law as it should be. At its core, this debate concerns th e separability of law and morality, with Hart pushing a positivist narrative and Fuller promoting natural law. Both philosophers putRead MoreScenario Analysis857 Words   |  4 Pagesultimately, up to the person who is faced to make the choice between right and wrong. â€Å"Even if a man is answerable only to his conscience, he will answer more responsibly if he is compelled to articulate principles on which he acts.† stated by Lon L. Fuller (1975). We were given a few scenarios to apply this saying to and the following are my opinions that I have regarding them. The Drugs at a Friend’s House scenario is a constant issue to most officers. Many officers want to go out with theRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party889 Words   |  4 PagesNazi party would create laws that pretty much allowed them to kill eleven million people. While the anti-semitic laws and the laws against â€Å"undesirables† were horrible, they were still laws. The truth of the matter was that Hitler belonged to the Nazi party and it was a legitimate political party with a substantial following; and their laws were enacted legally. In this essay, I will explain how both Hart’s and Fuller’s theories play into why I believe that the Nazis had laws. It begins with Hart’sRead MoreThe Case Of The Speluncean Explorers1544 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The hypothetical case of the Speluncean Explorers, written by Lon Luvious Fuller, comprises of a robust statutory interpretation discussion between natural law and legal positivism. In the context of natural law, naturalist follows that there is an obligatory connection between morality and the law. To put it simply, there is a moral obligation to ascertain the legal cogency of the law. In this case, Foster J follows a natural law approach as he believes that the conviction of each of the defendantsRead MoreMorality Vs. Morality : Morality And Morality1729 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough law and morality are two separate issues it is evident that morality plays a crucial role in the law. Dr. Jà ¼rgen Habermas stated â€Å"law is internally related†¦ to morality† . The idea of law is not that it must be moral but that it provides a system to allow people to live together peacefully in a society. However, as much as it is debated, it is apparent that in order for human civilisation to work laws must generally be moral. Natural law is a theory that emphasises the role of morality in theRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Justice in Society1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Justice in Society One component of the definition of justice is the final outcome of the process of the law, whereby justice is distributed by the State. According to this definition, justice is the mechanical process of the structure of law – set in place and agreed to by the people of the State. Another definition is concerned with the value inherent in ‘just’ behavior. One distinction between these two definitions is the difference between an individual viewpoint and theRead MoreThe Case of the Speluncean Explorers1980 Words   |  8 PagesWhat determines whether an action undertaken by any agent is right or wrong? Lon L. Fullers 1949 article, The Case of the Speluncean Explorers, provides a situation whereby the ethical definitions of right action are evaluated. The ethical study of right action consists of two major moral theories being de-ontological (backward looking/origin) and teleological (forward looking/ends). Both also have religious and non-religious strands. The de -ontological theory consists of the divine-command theoryRead MoreNature, Function and Classification of Law2917 Words   |  12 PagesCLASSIFICATION OF LAW Objectives of the course:†¢ Enable the students to think in a more abstract or general fashion than is generally achieved in the study of specific areas of law and demonstrate the same in answering questions. †¢ Enable the student to develop the willingness to question and think independently and to find out more in the study of law. †¢ Discuss critically the definition of law †¢ Explain the various scholars position on their attempt to define the meaning of law †¢ Distinguish law from morality;

In Our Time and the Lost Generation Essay - 1356 Words

In Our Time and the Lost Generation Ernest Hemingways In Our Time is a true representation of his lost generation for the simple reason that all generations are eventually lost as time goes by. Hemingway focuses on a generation he knows about, his own. It becomes apparent throughout the novel that Hemingway is deconstructing the world without overly using vast amounts of description. All of the â€Å"messages bring the reader to an understanding of a generation, the lost generation that appears to result from Hemingways novel. Ernest Hemingway uses intense short stories to leave a feeling of awe and wonder in the reader of In Our Time. One begins to become emotionally involved and attached to Hemingways many stories, just as†¦show more content†¦They seem to get by on nothing else but their own company and do not adhere to any outside interference- they do not need any other means of entertainment to enhance their time together. It is just the two of them and a good bottle of whiskey- no more, no less. Hemingways stories seem to have a vintage, old- fashioned kind of feel to them, but at the same time portray and somewhat relate to modern times. They all seem to have some kind of moral dilemma or moral awareness in them. All the characters appear to be searching for something, although they are not all consciously aware of what or where or even why fate has brought them to the place in time they are in. Cat in the Rain depicts a so- called happily married couple on vacation in Spain, spending a day inside(apparently by the husbands choice) due to the bad weather. The wife seems to be searching for something to fill a void inside of her. She speaks of a cat in the rain- her answer to the nada(or so she thinks). She goes down to retrieve it but cannot find it. She tells her disinterested about the event. It is clear that it is indeed her husband that has created the void due to the lack of attention he pays to his wife. The cat is simply a metaphor for her needs. Suddenly, there is a knock at the door and a maid appears with a cat in her hands. The manager downstairs gave it to her, finally, someone who would pay her the attention she craved. This story seemed to represent the lost generation of loveShow MoreRelatedThe Lost Generation844 Words   |  4 PagesIn life there are many people, things, or places that we experience that have influenced our lives so unique and powerful there unlike any other. Some women experience such alteration with the birth of a new baby. While for another person this life alteration may be making partner at a law firm. Though everyone experiences life on a different level one thing is for certain, not everything in life is a good experience. Everything in life is balanced, and with every joy comes some form of heartacheRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front1141 Words   |  5 PagesEvery person feels lost at least once in his or her lifetime, whether it is physically lost in a crowd or psychologically lost in an abyss of unanswered questions about life. To be able to fit in properly is difficult in this dysfunctional society where conflict and ignorance linger in people’s lives. From the past, World War I emerged from one of these many conflicts and disrupted the lives of many men as they were lured to abandon their lives and fight. This group of men who have difficulty fittingRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Misunderstood Mi llennial1033 Words   |  5 Pagesanymore, we are keeping up with the Kardashians.† (NY Times) Lazy, materialistic, and selfish are just a few of the words that our elders use to describe us. We don’t know what hard work or hardship is, nor do we want to, and we throw in the towel when things get too tough. But are we really to blame for our lack of work ethic, or were we simply provided with a culture meant for convenience and simplicity? Adults of older generations have put a label on the millennials as being â€Å"entitled†Read MoreThe Song American Pie Is A Representation Of Loss During The Transition Into The 1960s893 Words   |  4 PagesThe cultural changes and the loss of everything society knew produced the lost generation that McLean was apart of. He demonstrated his disapproval of the direction of the country by using music, faith, and war as examples of the changes and loss his generation faced. Music heavily influences and creates a voice for the people of the time period it is written in and also reflects the tone of the time period. Mclean’s generation was impacted greatly by classic rock and roll artists, such as Elvis PresleyRead MoreHow Modern Technologies Influence Our Life1353 Words   |  6 PagesHow modern technologies influence our life Nowadays, the modern technologies drastically affect our life regardless of whether we want it or not. The current millennials generation, also known as the Y generation, got more opportunities than the previous generation due to quickly developing technologies which help them to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Along with this people have no boundaries in their communication thank to social networks which connect them to anyone on the planet. TheyRead MoreA Generation Of Slackers By Catherine Rampell947 Words   |  4 PagesAs generations go by, our predecessors assume we are skipping out on important aspects of life just to get a few extra minutes on our devices. In Catherine Rampell’s â€Å"A Generation of Slackers? Not So Much†, it is said the older generations believe Generation Y is â€Å"coddled, disrespectful, narcissistic, and impatient† (Rampell 388). In all reality our generation is just doing what it has to in order to thrive in the world we li ve in, where technology is one of the largest parts of our everyday livesRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Frint1809 Words   |  7 Pagesendure while World War I raged on in the real world. The way that the novel portrays the soldiers’ rations and reliance on food, their life on the front and in camp, how the young soldiers’ lives were destroyed before they even began, how the older generations pushed the younger ones to enlist, the death of soldiers in battle, and the refusal to surrender matches almost perfectly to how things were during World War I, particularly for the German soldiers. One reoccurring point in the novel that the readerRead MoreEssay on Gen X1156 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst generation symbolizing the decline of the nation? Generations are labeled all the time by historians, novelists and journalist in an attempt to capture the spirit or essence of an era. But the term Generation X carries all the negativity of propaganda and stereotype. The term Generation X has become a derisive media batchphrase, a snide put-down for those 80 million people who, like me, were born between 1961 and 1981. They are the children of the baby boomers and the 13th generation sinceRead More Paris in the 1920’s – â€Å"The Lost Generation† Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesParis in the 1920’s – â€Å"The Lost Generation† Between the end of the First World War and Hitlers seizure of power a cultural explosion occurred in Paris that altered our notions of art and reality and shaped our way of viewing the world ever since. In the 1920s, Paris became the undisputed international capital of pleasure and was regarded as the cultural and artistic center of Europe with a reputation for staging one of its most glamorous eras, as well as some of the most spectacularRead MoreFolklore: Preserving the Culture859 Words   |  3 Pagessomeone to the listener. But now, the story is available in written form to make it still maintained its sustainability (Simatupang, 2011). If we examine it closely related to what is consisted in our country Indonesia, it can be found that our country has variety of folklore. It is not surprising as our country has vast cultures from Sabang to Merauke. Every different background of culture will produce a different story of folklore. However, it all has a same pattern th at is rich values and positive

BHP Billiton Strategic Management

Question: Describebhp billiton with proper citation and references. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is a global resources company that has made considerable advancements in the domestic as well as the international market. The three key considerable indicators are sales revenue, financial consolidation in the market as well as the business sustainability in the end ("BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company", 2016) .It can be said that BHP Billiton has made considerable progress from the current financial year. In the current year, BHP Billiton has taken aggressive expansion policies to facilitate business expansion. The sales revenue of the brand in the current financial year is $61.2 billion. As per Hitt et al. (2012), the BHP Billiton has widened its range of product and service offerings to the buyers. From offering only petroleum products to the buyers, it has widened its range to metals and minerals to match consumer expectation. Internal environmental analysis Resource capabilities BHP Billiton has abundant resources to assist the organization in its growth (BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company", 2016). In this regard, Eden and Ackermann (2013) noted that the operational as well as the manufacturing infrastructure have assisted the organization to produce goods with the minimum amount of time and effort. The core competencies of BHP Billiton are state- of- the art infrastructure and the operational policies of the business organization. In addition, it has an expertise work force to assist the business organization in its growth. Slack (2015) stated that the business organization can cover a wide range of production activities to facilitate the consumer demand. Besides this, the following core competencies have been identified in the case of BHP Billiton. Asset Portfolio According to Bettis et al (2015), the BHP Billiton has substantial asses that caters towards a wide business portfolio The brand has various assets that helps in the gathering and the production of natural resources in the global market . It is distributed throughout the international market. In addition, it has leased a few portions of its fixed assets in the organization that brings a wide portion of the annual revenues to the business enterprise Experience- Rothaermel (2015) stated that BHP Billiton has been operating for a number of years in the domestic as well as the international market. Thus, it has a considerable experience in mining metals as well as petroleum. This experience has been proved to be valuable in the growth and sustainability of the business enterprise. The brand has been operating for over a decade, and possesses a detailed knowledge of the petroleum and mining resources of the country. Size BHP Billiton is one of the biggest companies through market capitalization in Australia. According to Bettis et al. (2014), it is a multinational brand and encompasses a wide range of production activities in the organization. In the case of BHP Billiton, the brand has fixed assets through a variety of mining and natural resources that has been facilitating the growth of the organization in the global market. Essential directions as well as the objectives - BHP Billiton has pre-determined objectives and goals, which the organization has established. As such, the production and the operational activities of the organization have been aligned with the long-term goals. According to Eden and Ackermann (2013), the brand seeks to be the number one business entity in the domestic market. The brand seeks to follow an expansion policy to expand its business operations in places that are still left to be explored. According to Gamble and Thompson (2014), BHP Billiton is in the process of acquiring newer fields of mining resources in the country .As per the objectives of the organization; BHP Billiton has developed business partnerships with other brands operating in the same product and service line. Slack (2015) mentioned that this has assisted the brand in strengthening the financial resources as well as the operational resources of the country. Vrio The VRIO framework represents the four constituents like Value, Rarity, Imitability as well as organization. Rothaermel (2015) stated that BHP Billiton emphasizes in these four constituents for the continuous growth as well as consolidating its existing business performance in the domestic as well as in the global market. The concept of value relates to the principles that the organization follows in structuring its business operations. Rarity refers to the uniqueness s in the organization that has enabled the brand to build a distinct brand identity. BHP Billiton has a distinct brand identity that has ensured the business enterprise to survive in an intensely competitive market. In the case of Imitability, BHP Billiton has obtained patents on its production methodology, thereby, preventing rival entities to copy. Value chain analysis The value chain analysis describes the business processes that add to the business prosperity of a particular place. In the case of BHP Billiton, the business activities that add to the production as well as the financial sustainability of a business enterprise are effective manufacturing and distribution process in a business organization. The BHP Billiton has a diversified culture in its working force. Since it operates in many countries, the BHP Billiton is an amalgamation of various cultures, opinions and perception ("BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company", 2016). Therefore, there is no lack of fresh ideas in the working environment thereby facilitating organization growth. A multi cultural working environment assists the organization in various business areas like technology, operations, finance as well as the research and development. Strategic issues The following are the essential strategic issues that pose a threat to the business sustainability of the brand: Limited natural resources - The brand has limited natural issues that has been hampering the production rate of the organization in the recent months. Rise in Prices- BHP Billiton has been facing issues due to the rise in the prices of its products. According to Gamble and Thompson (2014), this has decreased the market share of BHP Billiton in the context of the global market. The economic disparity in different countries has been a major contributor towards inflation. Conclusion It can be said that BHP Billiton has been able to build a successful business model. It has created a profitable position for itself in the context of the domestic and the international market. The internal environmental analysis for BHP Billiton has revealed that its primary key performance indicators are organizational infrastructure as well as its range of product offerings. Thus, the organization is on a path of progress and shall retain its business performance and key constituents in the coming years. References Bettis, R. A., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C., Mitchell, W. (2015). Qualitative empirical research in strategic management. Strategic Management Journal,36(5), 637-639. Bettis, R., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C., Mitchell, W. (2014). Quantitative em pirical analysis in strategic management. Strategic Management Journal,35(7), 949-953. BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company. (2016). Bhpbilliton.com. Retrieved 26 May 2016, from https://www.bhpbilliton.com/ Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013). Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Gamble, J. E., Thompson Jr, A. A. (2014). Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Hill, C., Jones, G., Schilling, M. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. (2012). Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015). Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Slack, N. (2015). Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd.